+ pause (1-2 seconds)

++ longer pause (2-4 seconds)

+++ extended pause (over 4 seconds)

= overlap

/ end of, or abandonment of, intonation contour

? indicates a question or clearly a questioning
  intonation contour

CAPS indicate increased stress

bold indicates new lexical item

# unable to transcribe (number of symbols indicates
  approximate number of indiscernible syllables)

( ) contains comments about aspects of audiotape